Measuring obesity with BAI

I'm not real super interested in obesity or calculations of people's weights, fat levels etc. but I ran across something half interesting that might be of interest to you.

It is a new way to measure obesity or if a person is underweight, normal weight, or overweight -- and it doesn't even use your weight in the calculation!

Murray has blogged about it at New measure of obesity – body adiposity index (BAI)


He also made a calculator for it that compares your "results" as far as BMI and this new index, BAI.

This new index uses your height and a measurement around the hips, and it's still somewhat experimental in the fact that it hasn't been thorougly tested in all races.


The formula is

  hip (cm)
-------------   −  18
[height(m)]1.5

The resulting number should be a close estimate to your body fat percentage.


Just for the record, or if you are curious, I am of normal weight, and supposedly have about 29% body fat according to that calculation. Which, 29% body fat sounds high but it seems to be perfectly normal for females. It makes me think of this age-old saying "Human body is 70% water." That just can't be, not for females anyway. I would be 70% water, 29% fat, and 1% all the other stuff...???
 
Ok, upon checking I find that indeed, the human body is NOT 70% water. Females average 55% water and males 60% water, but obese people may only be 45% water.

A problem with a chord: find the radius

Today I had the opportunity to solve a real math problem involving a circle and a chord of known length in it. I had to find the radius. It wasn't a textbook problem or a puzzle on some website, but a math problem I needed to solve for my own needs.

For a tiny while I thought I could find the answer online, but I didn't, so I'm writing it out in case someone else needs it -- they should be able to find this solution by searching the Internet.


I wanted to make a kind of "moon-sliver shapes" in CorelDraw, to use as watermarks in my new books. I have the height and the width of the "sliver".

Here's the problem mathematically:
I have a chord of a circle, 17 mm in length in my example, and the other distance marked in the image is 5 mm. I need to find the radius of the circle, AND the angle measure of the arc of the circle that makes the sliver's rounded part.





At first, like I said, I searched around if there was some theorem or formula that would tell me what I needed directly. I didn't find any, but I did realize that I can use this theorem to solve my problem:

If two chords intersect, the product of the segments of one chord equals the product of the segments of the other chord (see proof).


My problem looks like this:




My chord intersects the diameter of the circle, which is a chord too. The two parts of the first cord are 8.5 and 8.5, and the two parts of the other are 5 and d − 5. Thus I get the equation

5(d − 5) = 8.5²

From this it is quick to solve that d = 19.45. Then, the radius is of course half that, or 9.725.

On to the second part of my problem: to find the angle measure.

In this picture, I have a right triangle. I can therefore find the unknown angle α by using simple trigonometry, in this case the tangent.



The length 4.725 comes from the fact that the radius is 9.725, and then I subtract 5 from that.

The equation is tan α = 8.5/4.725, from which α ≈ 60.931°. The actual angle I want is double that, or about 121.862°.

I had to repeat this calculation several times for slivers of different "heights." (Or, actually I let Excel calculate the rest. Oh, how I love Excel!)

Here's one of the final pictures I made for my book:

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